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W3C - World Wide Web Consortium
WSG - Web Standards Group
WaSP - The Web Standards Project
WDG - Web Design Group
IWA - Internet Webmasters Association
IETF - The Internet Engineering Task Force
ECMA - European Computer Manufacturers Association
A List Apart Magazine
W3 Schools
An applet is a small Java program that can be embedded in an HTML page. Applets can't access certain resources on
the local computer like files, modems, and printers. Full Java applications can access them.
American Standard Code for Information Interchange - This is the de facto world-wide standard for the code
numbers used by computers to represent all the upper and lower-case Latin letters, numbers, punctuation, etc.
There are 128 standard ASCII codes each of which can be represented by a 7 digit binary number: 0000000 through 1111111.
The amount of information (or data) you can send through a connection (from one point to another) in a given time period.
Usually measured in bits-per-second. A modem at 57,600 bps has twice the bandwidth of a modem at 28,800 bps. A link with
a high bandwidth is one that is able to carry enough information to sustain the succession of images in a video presentation.
Full-motion full-screen video would require roughly 10,000,000 bits-per-second, depending on compression.
A blog (weB LOG) is basically a journal that is available on the web. The activity of updating a blog is "blogging"
and someone who keeps a blog is a "blogger." Blogs are typically updated daily using software that allows people
with little or no technical background to update and maintain the blog. Postings on a blog are almost always
arranged in chronological order from latest to earliest.
A browser is a client program (software) that is used to view web pages on the internet.
.com - company
.edu - educational institution
.gov - governmental institution
.mil - military
.net - internet company
.org - nonprofit organization
CGI is an acronym for Common Gateway Interface. CGI is a set of rules that describe how a Web Server communicates
with another piece of software on the same machine, and how the other piece of software (the "CGI program") talks
to the web server. Any piece of software can be a CGI program if it handles input and output according to the CGI
standard. Usually a CGI program is a small program that takes data from a web server and does something with it,
like putting the content of a form into an e-mail message, or turning the data into a database query. You can
often see that a CGI program is being used by seeing "cgi-bin" in a URL, but not always.
The most common name of a directory on a web server in which CGI programs are stored.
The "bin" part of "cgi-bin" is a shorthand version of "binary", because once upon a time,
most programs were referred to as "binaries". In real life, most programs found in cgi-bin
directories are text files -- scripts that are executed by binaries located elsewhere on
the same machine.
The most common meaning of "Cookie" on the Internet refers to a piece of information sent by a
Web Server to a Web Browser that the Browser software is expected to save and to send back to
the Server whenever the browser makes additional requests from the Server.
Cascading Style Sheets - CSS is the W3C - World Wide Web Consortium standard for the displaying of HTML elements
in web pages. Styles are normally stored in style sheets.
A domain name is the unique name that identifies an Internet site. Domain Names always have 2 or more parts,
separated by dots (yourcompany.com). The part on the left is the most specific, and the part on the right is
the most general. A given machine may have more than one Domain Name but a given Domain Name points to only
one machine. Usually, all of the machines on a given Network will have the same thing as the right-hand
portion of their Domain Names, e.g.
falcon.cc.ukans.edu
www.sped.ukans.edu
chef.sped.ukans.edu and so on.
Each Domain Name is associated with one and only one IP Number, although not every IP number has a Domain Name.
A computer known as a Domain Name Server translates Domain Names into IP Numbers and vice versa, thus allowing
users to generally ignore IP Numbers as long as a Domain Name exists.
Transferring data (usually a file) from another computer to the computer you are are using. The opposite of upload.
DSL stands for Digital Subscriber Line - which is a broadband technology that makes it possible to have a high-speed
Internet connection via your phone line.
E-Commerce is a term that refers to the growing retail, service and business to business industries on the World Wide
Web. E-commerce websites facilitate the buying and selling of goods and services over the Internet.
E-Mail or Electronic Mail are messages, usually text, sent from one person to another via computer.
E-Mail can also be sent automatically to a large number of addresses (Mailing List).
A firewall is a combination of hardware and software that separates a LAN into two or more parts for security purposes.
Adobe Macromedia Flash is a multimedia graphics program used on the Web. Flash allows you to create interactive
"movies" on the Web.
FTP or File Transfer Protocol is a very common method of moving files between two Internet sites. FTP is a special
way to login to another Internet site for the purposes of retrieving and/or sending files. For web site purposes,
FTP is a common method for transferring the HTML files from your hard drive to your host's web server.
GIF stanfs for Graphic Interchange Format - a common format for image files, especially suitable for images containing
large areas of the same color. GIF format files of simple images are often smaller than the same file would be if
stored in JPEG format, but GIF format does not store photographic images as well as JPEG.
A host is any computer on a network that is a repository for services available to other computers on the network.
It is quite common to have one host machine provide several services, such as WWW and USENET.
HTML or HyperText Markup Language is a coding language used to create Hypertext documents for use on the World Wide Web.
HTML looks a lot like old-fashioned typesetting code, where you surround a block of text with codes that indicate
how it should appear. In HTML you can specify that a block of text, or a word, is linked to another file on the Internet.
HTML files are meant to be viewed using a World Wide Web Client Program, such as Internet Explorer or Netscape.
HTTP or HyperText Transfer Protocol is the protocol for moving hypertext files across the Internet. This requires a
HTTP client program on one end, and an HTTP server program on the other end. HTTP is the most important protocol used in
the World Wide Web (WWW).
The Internet is a vast collection of inter-connected networks that all use the TCP/IP protocols and that evolved from
the ARPANET of the late 60's and early 70's.
An IP Number (Internet Protocol Number) is sometimes called a dotted quad. It is a unique number consisting of 4 parts
separated by dots, e.g. 165.113.245.2
Every machine that is on the Internet has a unique IP number. If a machine does not have an IP number, it is not
really on the Internet. Most machines also have one or more Domain Names that are easier for people to remember.
Java is a network-oriented programming language invented by Sun Microsystems that is specifically designed for
writing programs for the Internet. The programs can be safely downloaded to your computer through the Internet and
immediately run without fear of viruses or other harm to your computer or files. By using small Java programs (called
"Applets"), web pages can include functions such as animations, calculators, and other fancy tricks.
JavaScript is an internet programming language that can be used to build interactivity into web pages. The syntax
of Javascript is similar to the C programming language. Javascript programs run within the browsers as opposed to
PHP programs which run on a server and return the results.
JPG (or JPEG) stands for Joint Photographic Experts Group - JPEG is most commonly mentioned as a format for image
files. JPEG format is preferred to the GIF format for photographic images as opposed to line art or simple logo art.
Linux is an open source operating system sumilar to Unix. Linux is a popular operating system being used by internet
hosting providers.
A Maillist (or Mailing List) is a (usually automated) system that allows people to send e-mail to one address,
whereupon their message is copied and sent to all of the other subscribers to the maillist. In this way, people
who have many different kinds of e-mail access can participate in discussions together.
MIME stands for Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions, and is the standard for attaching non-text files to standard
Internet mail messages. Non-text files include graphics, spreadsheets, formatted word-processor documents, sound files,
etc. An email program is said to be MIME Compliant if it can both send and receive files using the MIME standard.
MP3 is a compressed music and sound file format. Short for MPEG Level 3, this is the most common sound file format
in use today.
MySQL is an open source relational database management system based on SQL.
Perl is an interpreted web programming language that runs on a server computer. The syntax is similar to the C
programming language.
PHP - PHP Hypertext processor is a web scripting language that runs on the server computer. The results are sent
back to the browser that requested it. PHP language syntax is similar to the C programming language.
A podcast is a digital media file, or a series of such files, that is distributed over the Internet using syndication
feeds for playback on portable media players and personal computers. A podcast is a specific type of webcast which,
like 'radio', can mean either the content itself or the method by which it is syndicated; the latter is also termed
podcasting. The host or author of a podcast is often called a podcaster.
POP - (Point of Presence, also Post Office Protocol) - Two commonly used meanings: Point of Presence and Post
Office Protocol. A Point of Presence usually means a city or location where a network can be connected to, often
with dial up phone lines. So if an Internet company says they will soon have a POP in Belgrade, it means that they
will soon have a local phone number in Belgrade and/or a place where leased lines can connect to their network. A
second meaning, Post Office Protocol refers to the way e-mail software such as Eudora gets mail from a mail server.
When you obtain a SLIP, PPP, or shell account you almost always get a POP account with it, and it is this POP account
that you tell your e-mail software to use to get your mail.
RSS (an acronym for Really Simple Syndication) is a family of web feed formats used to publish frequently updated
digital content, such as blogs, news feeds or podcasts.
A search engine is a program on the internet that searches the web for keywords that you give it.
Examples of search engines are: Google - www.google.com and Yahoo - www.yahoo.com
The Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML) is a metalanguage in which one can define markup languages for
documents. SGML is an international document standard that is extremely complex. It has existed since the 1980s.
SMTP - Simple Mail Transfer Protocol is the main protocol used to send electronic mail on the Internet. SMTP
consists of a set of rules for how a program sending mail and a program receiving mail should interact. Almost
all Internet email is sent and received by clients and servers using SMTP, thus if one wanted to set up an email
server on the Internet one would look for email server software that supports SMTP.
Spam (or Spamming) is an inappropriate attempt to use a mailing list, or USENET or other networked communications
facility as if it was a broadcast medium (which it is not) by sending the same message to a large number of people
who didn't ask for it. The term probably comes from a famous Monty Python skit which featured the word spam repeated
over and over. The term may also have come from someone's low opinion of the food product with the same name, which
is generally perceived as a generic content-free waste of resources. (Spam is a registered trademark of Hormel
Corporation, for its processed meat product.)
Spyware is a somewhat vague term generally referring to software that is secretly installed on a users computer
and that monitors use of the computer in some way without the users' knowledge or consent. Most spyware tries to
get the user to view advertising and/or particular web pages. Some spyware also sends information about the user
to another machine over the Internet. Spyware is usually installed without a users' knowledge as part of the
installation of other software, especially software such as music sharing software obtained via download.
SQL or Structured Query Language is a specialized programming language for sending queries to databases. Most
industrial-strength and many smaller database applications can be addressed using SQL. Each specific application
will have its own version of SQL implementing features unique to that application, but all SQL-capable databases
support a common subset of SQL.
SSL or Secure Sockets Layer is a protocol designed by Netscape Communications to enable encrypted, authenticated
communications across the Internet. SSL used mostly (but not exclusively) in communications between web browsers
and web servers. URL's that begin with "https" indicate that an SSL connection will be used. SSL provides
3 important things: Privacy, Authentication, and Message Integrity. In an SSL connection each side of the connection
must have a Security Certificate, which each side's software sends to the other. Each side then encrypts what it sends
using information from both its own and the other side's Certificate, ensuring that only the intended recipient can
de-crypt it, and that the other side can be sure the data came from the place it claims to have come from, and that
the message has not been tampered with.
An SSL Certificate is a certificate which is installed on a secure server. It is used to identify the merchant using
it and to encrypt credit cards, and other sensitive information.
Streaming Audio is a technology that makes it possible to hear music while it's being downloaded from the Internet.
Streaming Video is a technology that makes it possible to view digital video while it's being downloaded from the Internet.
An Upload is transferring data (usually a file) from the computer you are using to another computer. The opposite of download.
A Virus is a program which replicates itself on computer systems by embedding itself into other programs which are
shared among computer systems. Viruses cause applications and operating systems to malfunction.
A URL or Uniform Resource Locator is the standard way to specify the address of any resource on the Internet that
is part of the World Wide Web (WWW). A sample of URL is: http://www.microsoft.com
The most common way to use a URL is to enter it into a WWW browser program, such as Internet Explorer or Netscape.
W3C is an acronym for The World Wide Web Consortium. W3C is an international consortium where member organizations, a
full-time staff, and the public work together to create Web standards. W3C primarily pursues its mission through
the creation of Web standards and guidelines.
Wav is a music and sound file format.
WWW stands for the World Wide Web - frequently used (incorrectly) when referring to "The Internet", WWW has two
major meanings - First, loosely used: the whole constellation of resources that can be accessed using Gopher, FTP,
HTTP, telnet, USENET, WAIS and some other tools. Second, the universe of hypertext servers (HTTP servers) which
are the servers that allow text, graphics, sound files, etc. to be mixed together.
XML - EXtensible Markup Language - is a markup language much like HTML. XML was designed to describe data and the
XML tags are not predefined. You must define your own tags within XML. XML is a document processing standard that
is an official recommendation of the W3C - World Wide Web Consortium. XML was conceived as a means of regaining
the power and flexibility of SGML without most of its complexity. Although a restricted form of SGML, XML nonetheless
preserves most of SGML's power and richness, and yet still retains all of SGML's commonly used features.
XHTML - Extensible HyperText Markup Language - is a family of current and future document types and modules that
reproduce, subset, and extend HTML 4 [HTML4]. XHTML family document types are XML based, and ultimately are designed
to work in conjunction with XML-based user agents. XHTML documents are XML conforming.
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